Research suggests that the absorption route of plastic particles detected in human blood may be through mucosal contact. Of these, inhaled small particles may be absorbed and accumulated in the lungs, while most larger particles are eventually swallowed by coughing and absorbed through the intestinal epithelium.

Domestic and foreign studies define tiny plastic fragments with a diameter of less than 5 mm as microplastics. While the effects of microplastics on human health are unclear, researchers are concerned that microplastics can cause damage to human cells. Air pollution particles have previously been shown to enter the body and cause millions of premature deaths each year.

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